What is Color Fastness | Classification of Color Fastness | Different Types of Color Fastness | What is Crocking | Define Crocking

Definition: Clothing is colorfast if its colors and dyes do not bleed or run from the clothing. Clothing should be tested for colorfastness before using any type of bleach or bleaching solution, or strong cleaning product.

To test for colorfastness, find a hidden seam of the garment or an hidden spot. Apply the cleaner to the garment and then dab the area with a clean cotton cloth.

Dyeing Mills In Bangladesh | Printing Mills In Bangladesh | Finishing Mills In Bangladesh

Machinery and Equipment in Modern Dyeing Process

Modern dyeing machines are made from stainless steels. Steels containing up to 4% molybdenum are favored to withstand the acid conditions that are common. 

A dyeing machine consists essentially of a vessel to contain the dye liquor, provided with equipment for heating, cooling and circulating the liquor into and around the goods to be dyed or moving the

Dyeing Process | Process of Dyeing | The Chemistry of the Dyeing Process

The dyeing of a textile fiber is carried out in a solution, generally aqueous, known as the dye liquor or dye bath. For true dyeing to have taken place, coloration of fabric and absorption are important determinants. 

Dyeing Methods | Methods of Dyeing | Chain Dyeing | Cross Dyeing | Stock dyeing | Top dyeing | Yarn dyeing | Bale Dyeing | Batik Dyeing | Skein (Hank) Dyeing | Package Dyeing | Warp-beam Dyeing | Space Dyeing | Piece Dyeing | Beck dyeing | Jig dyeing | Pad dyeing | Jet dyeing | Solution pigmenting or dope dyeing | Garment dyeing | Random Dyeing

Color is applied to fabric by different methods and at different stages of the textile manufacturing process. The process of applying color to fiber stock, yarn or fabric is called dyeing." There may or may not be thorough penetration of the colorant into the fibers or yarns. 

Dyeing Process | Different Types of Dye | Classification of Dyes | Various Classes and Types | Acid Dyes | Natural Dyes | Basic (Cationic) Dyes | Synthetic Dyes | Direct (substantive) Dyes | Disperse Dyes | Sulfur Dyes | Pigment Dyes | Mordant Dyes | Vat Dye | Reactive Dyes | Macromolecular Dyes | Metallized Dyes | Naphthol Dyes | Premetallized Dyes | Gel Dyeing | Developed Dyes | Azo Dyes | Aniline Dyes | Anthraquinone Dyes

A process of coloring fibers, yarns, or fabrics with either natural or synthetic dyes. Dyeing is an ancient art which predates written records. It was practised during the Bronze age in Europe. Primitive dyeing techniques included sticking plants to fabric or rubbing crushed pigments into cloth

Color Fastness Test | Washing Fastness Test | Washing Fastness | Color Fastness to Washing

The property of a dye to retain its color when the dyed (or printed) textile material is exposed to conditions or agents such as light, perspiration, atmospheric gases, or washing that can remove or destroy the color. A dye may be reasonably fast to one agent and only moderately fast to another.

Natural Dyes | Classification of Natural Dyes | Plant Dyes | Plant Dye | Natural Plant Dyes | Insect Dyes | Insect Dye | Animal Dyes | Animal Dye

Dyes : Substances that add color to textiles. They are incorporated into the fiber by chemical reaction, absorption, or dispersion. Dyes differ in their resistance to sunlight, perspiration, washing, gas, alkalies, and other agents; their affinity for different fibers; their reaction to cleaning agents and methods; and their solubility and method of application. Various classes and types are listed below.

Dyeing of Textiles | Textile Dyeing | Process of Dyeing | Textile Dyeing Process | Application of Dye

Colour may be introduced into manufactured articles, for example textiles and plastics, or into a range of colour application media, for example paints and printing inks, for a variety of reasons but most commonly the ultimate purpose is to enhance the appearance and attractiveness of a product and improve its market appeal.

Washing Fastness | Wash Fastness | Description of Washing Fastness | Types of Washing Fastness

Color fastness is the ability of fabrics to retain the dyes used to color them. Some fabrics hold dye within their fibers extremely well - like denim - while others do not (mostly synthetic or artificial non-natural fabrics) and tend to "bleed" when they are washed. The denim would therefore be more "color fast" than the other fabric.

The resistance of a material to change in any of its color characteristics, when subjected to washing is called color fasntess to washing.

Working Process of Roller hank dyeing machines

These machines are based on Hussong type of hank dyeing machines in design .These machines are very simple in design and operation. In the basic design of machine there is rectangular SS tank with proper heating mechanism (either a heating coil or direct steam injection through a perforated steam pipe) and have a false bottom above the heating coil.

The tank is fitted with a temperature indicator and control sensor. There is an array of SS rollers/poles which are fitted on a suitable frame.

Different Types of Computer Color Matching Systems ( CCMS ) | Functions & Advantages

First in 1963, ICI, Dyestuff division established the Computer System for color match prediction in their lab, but it was for their customer only.
Later in 1973, ICS (international color system), manufactured computer matching system commercially
The basic three things are important in CCMS: -

1. Color measurement Instrument (Spectrophotometers).
2. Reflectance (R%) from a mixture of Dyes or Pigments applied in a specific way.
3. Optical model of color vision to closeness of the color matching (CIE L*A*B).

Description of Beam Dyeing Machines

Beam Dyeing Machines

A machine for dyeing yarns or fabrics that have been wound onto a special beam that has evenly perforated holes along its barrel. The dye is forced through the barrel into the yarn/fabric from inside to outside and vice versa. The beam dyeing machines may be capable of dyeing a single beam or to dye multiple beams. The fabric or yarn have better dyeing results because of there is no dimensional changes as well as there is no mechanical force applied to it. The high performance pumps circulate the dye liquor in efficient manner to achieve even dyeing results.

Description of Optical Brightening Agents (OBA)

The coloring matter ,whether it is natural or present as a contaminant in the fiber is generally decolorized by different bleaching methods. However the appearance of the textile substrate is somewhat creamish after the bleaching, therefore chemical treatments are become necessary to neutralize the yellow tint of the textile fibers.

Description of Hank Dyeing Machines

Processing of yarn in hank form
 Why hank dyeing?
Although package dyeing route is much simple and easy to follow for dyeing of different kinds of yarn,but still the hank route is popular for certain qualities, there are two reasons for this,
1.The quality and nature of the product does not allow to follow package route
2.The package route is non practical and non economical.

Working Process of Winch Dyeing Machines

A dyeing machine consisting essentially of a dye vessel fitted with a driven winch ( usually above the liquor level) which rotates and draws a length of fabric, normally joined end to end, through the liquor.

Winch dyeing machines are a low cost design that is simple to operate and maintain, yet versatile in application proving invaluable for preparation, washing or after treatments

Introduction of Environment Management in Textile Industry

An Environment Management System (EMS) is a tool for managing the impacts of an organisation's activities on the environment. It provides a structured approach to planning and implementing environment protection measures.

Like a financial management system monitors expenditure and income and enables regular checks of a company's financial performance, an EMS monitors environmental performance. An EMS integrates environmental management into a company's daily operations, long term planning and other quality management systems.

The importance of color we wear in Textile

Colors have a demonstrable psychological effect. So, our automatic reaction to colors is so strong. The sight of red means warning and white mean simplicity and respective of title. Military uniforms are intentionally colored to give statement and impose authority. Colors are used in many ways to assert recognition because they are fairly easy to read and understand.

Problems of Textile Dyes in the Environment

Dyes cause a lot of problems in the environment:

1. Depending on exposure time and dye concentration, dyes can have acute and/or

chronic effects on exposed organisms.

2. The presence of very small quantities of dyes in water (less then 1 ppm) is highly

visible due to their brilliance.

3. The greatest environmental concern with dyes is their absorption and reflection of

sunlight entering the water. Light absorption diminishes photosynthetic activity of

algae and seriously influence on the food chain.

Defination, Description and Ues of Sequestering agents

Sequestering agents or Chelating agents remove a metal ion from a solution system by forming a complex ion that does not have the chemical reactions of the ion that is removed. Sequestering agents or Chelating agents are used to eliminate water hardness and heavy metals, such as iron and copper which can affect the scouring process.