Defination, Production, Properties and Uses of Acrylic Fiber

Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weight of ~100,000, about 1900 monomer units. To be called acrylic in the U.S, the polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer. Typical comonomers are vinyl acetate or methyl acrylate. The Dupont Corporation created the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name "Orlon".

Production Process of Synthetic Fiber

Most synthetic and cellulosic manufactured fibers are created by “extrusion” — forcing a thick, viscous liquid (about the consistency of cold honey) through the tiny holes of a device called a spinneret to form continuous filaments of semi-solid polymer.
In their initial state, the fiber-forming polymers are solids and therefore must be first converted into a fluid state for extrusion.

Defination, Description and Ues of Sequestering agents

Sequestering agents or Chelating agents remove a metal ion from a solution system by forming a complex ion that does not have the chemical reactions of the ion that is removed. Sequestering agents or Chelating agents are used to eliminate water hardness and heavy metals, such as iron and copper which can affect the scouring process.

General Dyeing Procedure of Naphthol Dyes

Naphthol dyes are insoluble azo dyestuffs that are produced on the fiber by applying a Naphthol to the fiber and then combining it with a diazotized base or salt at a low temperature to produce an insoluble dye molecule within the fiber. Naphthol dyes are classified as fast dyes, usually slightly cheaper than Vat dyeings; the methods of application are complex and the range of colors limited.

Hypochlorites Bleaching Process

Hypochlorites are salts, chiefly important as powerful oxidizing and bleaching agents; not, however, when pure, but when containing chlorides. The chief hypochlorites, or at least the complex substances which contain hypochlorites, are bleaching-powder, and the bleach liquors made with potash and caustic soda/soda.

Sodium Chlorite Bleaching Process

Sodium chlorite, anhydrous is in the form of slightly hygroscopic crystals or flakes , soluble in water.The hydrated material is in the triclinic leaflets. The chemical formula is NaClO2 , and molecular weight is 90.45.  The molecular weight of hydrated product is 144.5.

Mercerizing treatment on cellulosic material

Mercerizing is the process of treatment of cellulosic material with cold or hot caustic conditions under specific conditions to improve its appearance and physical as well as chemical properties.

Purpose of mercerizing

          1.To improve the lusture

          2.To improve the strength

3. To improve the dye uptake and moisture regain.

Bleaching Process of Silk

Natural coloring matters present in silk are associated mainly with sericin and hence are eliminated during degumming. The natural colouring matter of silk can be roughly divided into yellow, green and brown pigments. However the residual pigments are adsorbed by fibroin and hence silk fabrics made from yellow raw silk after degumming are not white but have a cream colour.

Bleaching Process of Wool

Wool exhibits by nature a pronounced yellow color and also on exposure to light , alkali or by microbial degradation. Commercially, wool bleaching is carried out using either an oxidative or a reductive system, or a combined oxidation/reduction process. Oxidative bleaching in the dyebath is also possible .

Textile Bleaching Process

Bleaching is chemical treatment employed for the removal of natural coloring matter from the substrate. The source of natural color is organic compounds with conjugated double bonds , by doing chemical bleaching the discoloration takes place by the breaking the chromophore , most likely destroying the one or more double bonds with in this conjugated system. The material appears whiter after the bleaching.

Defination, Properties & Working Procedure of Basic/Cationic Dye

Basic dyes(These dyes are also known as cationic dyes)
This a class of synthetic dyes , that act as bases and when made soluble in water , they form a colored cationic salt , which can react with the anionic sites on the surface of the substrate. The basic dyes produce bright shades with high tinctorial values, on textile materials.

Scouring Treatments of Cotton, Silk, Wool and Synthetics Materials

Natural fibers contain oils, fats, waxes, minerals, leafy matter and motes as impurities that interfere with dyeing and finishing. Synthetic fibers contain producer spin finishes, coning oils and/or knitting oils, Mill grease used to lubricate processing equipment, mill dirt, temporary fabric markings and the like may contaminate fabrics as they are being produced.

Pigment dyeing Process

Pigment dyeing is not really "dyeing" in it's truest form because the pigments stick on the fabric with the help of binders.. Pigments are insoluble in water. They exist in the form of finely ground molecules, milled for garment dyeing purposes into a paste. When anionic dispersing agents are added, a slightly negative charge is present, thus the foundation for pigment dyeing is born.

Description of Garment Dyeing

What is garment dyeing?
Garment dyeing is the process of dyeing fully fashioned garments (such as pants, pullovers, t-shirts, jeans, sweaters, dresses, bathrobes, casual jackets, shirts, skirts, hosieries) subsequent to manufacturing, as opposed to the conventional method of manufacturing garments from pre-dyed fabrics. Most garments are made of cotton knit goods and/or cotton woven fabrics.

Working Process of Jigger Dyeing Machine

Jigg or jigger dyeing machine is one of the oldest dyeing machine used for cloth dyeing operations. Jigger machine is suitable for dyeing of woven fabrics, up to boiling temperature without any creasing . Jigs exert considerable lengthwise tension on the fabric and are more suitable for the dyeing of woven than knitted fabrics. Since the fabric is handled in open-width, a jig is very suitable for fabrics which crease when dyed in rope form.

Defination, Properties & Working Procedure of Mordant Dye

These are special acid dyes in which certain metal atom can be introduced during dyeing. These are water soluble dyes and affinity for silk, wool and polyamides. Mordant dyes requires a mordant in their application and these dyes upon cobination with the mordant deposit on the fiber in the form of insoluble color. Most commonly dyes have hydroxyl or carboxyl groups and are negatively charged (anionic) in nature.

Description of textile Finishing Process

Textile Finishing  is a process used in manufacturing of fiber, fabric, or clothing. In order to impart the required functional properties to the fiber or fabric, it is customary to subject the material to different type of physical and chemical treatments. For example wash and wear finish for a cotton fabric is necessary to make it crease free or wrinkle free. In a similar way, mercerising, singeing, flame retardant, water repellent, water proof, antistatic finish, peach finish etc are some of the important finishes applied to textile fabric.

Pretreatment of Textile Dyeing & Printing

Natural fibers and synthetic fibers contain primary impurities that are contained naturally, and secondary impurities that are added during spinning , knitting and weaving processes.Textile pretreatment is the series of cleaning operations.All impurities which causes adverse effect during dyeing and printing is removed in pretreatment process.

Defination, Classification, Application and Aftertreatment of Acid Dye

Acid dyes are highly water soluble, and have better light fastness than basic dyes.The textile acid dyes are effective for protein fibers such as silk, wool, nylon and modified acrylics. They contain sulphonic acid groups, which are usually present as sodium sulphonate salts. These increase solubility in water, and give the dye
molecules a negative charge. In an acidic solution, the -NH2 functionalities of the fibres are protonated to give a positive charge: -NH3+.

Defination, Classification, Application and Aftertreatment of Sulfur Dye

Sulfur dyes are synthetic organic substantive dyes for cellulosics.

Chemical structure:- The exact chemical structure of the dyes is not known , but these dyes contain sulfur as an integral of the chromophore as well as in the polysulphide side chains. These are produced by thionisation or sulphurisation of organic intermediates containing nitro and amino groups.

Working Process of Rotary Screen Printing Machine

Rotary screen printing machine

Screen printing is sprinting technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink-blocking stencil. The attached stencil forms open areas a of mesh that transfer ink or other printable materials which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A roller or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink past the threads of the woven mesh in the open areas.

Ready mate Garments( RMG ) Manufacturing Sequence

Stepwise garments manufacturing sequence on industrial basis is given below:

Design / Sketch
Pattern Design
Sample Making
Production Pattern
Grading
Marker Making
Spreading
Cutting
Sorting/Bundling
Sewing/Assembling
Inspection
Pressing/ Finishing
Final Inspection
Packing
Despatch

Different sections in readymate Garment industry ( RMG )

Here are all of the sections of a garment industry have been described briefly.
1. Sample section
2. Cutting section
3. Sewing section
4. Finishing section

1. Sample Section :It is the first section of garment manufacturing process. This section is used in apparel industry for-
a) To make sample garment for approval.
b) To make pattern sets for bulk production when needed.

Application of Reactive Dye

Dye that reacts with the textile fiber to produce both a hydroxyl and an oxygen linkage, the chlorine combining with the hydroxyl to form a strong ether linkage; gives fast, brilliant colors.
Reactive dyes first appeared commercially in 1956, after their invention in 1954 by Rattee and Stephens at the Imperial Chemical Industries Dyestuffs Division site in Blackley, Manchester, United Kingdom.

How To Become A Merchandiser

In garment industry, merchandiser is the BRIDGE between the management(or)industry and the buyer. He have to look after every job like buying the raw material (which is requied to finish the product), making the garment, finishing the garment, documentation(over all view), finally shipping.

He is the responsibility person to make the product.

The merchandiser who creats a good relationship in between exporter & buyer.

The Requirements to Become a Fashion Designer

  Fashion show

                                                           

Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social attitudes, and has varied over time and place.

Blowroom | Objects of Blow-room | Basic operations in the blowroom

 

 
Blowroom consists a number of machines used on succession to open and clean the cotton fibre.
Since the tuft size of cotton becomes smaller and smaller, the required intensities of processing necessitates different machine configuration.

Cotton Desizing Process

Desizing is the process of removing the size material from the warp yarns in woven fabrics. Sizing agents are selected on the basis of type of fabric, environmental friendliness, ease of removal, cost considerations, effluent treatment, etc.